Project report for Cotton Yarn Dyeing

In India, Textile dyeing industry is booming day by day with the increasing demand of dyed clothes. So, there are good scope for new entrants. The art of dyeing is a branch of applied chemistry in which a use of both physical and chemical principle is made in order to bring about a permanent Union between the dyes and the textile material. For dyeing the cotton yarn in various shades, the art lies in colouring the textiles in such a manner that the colour may be fast or may not ordinarily be removed by such operations as working, rubbing, sunlight etc. to which the textiles are usually subjected. The dyeing can only take place when the dyeing is in solution/or finely divided or dispersed condition and the fibres are subjected to this dye in solution condition and then this dye being rendered insoluble or fixed by same means. There must exist same marked physico-chemical affinity between the fibres and the dye, which would naturally depend upon the respective properties of both.

Dyeing is the application of dyes or pigments on textiles materials such as fibers, yarns, and fabrics with the goal of achieving color with desired colour fastness. Dyeing is normally done in a special solution containing dyes and particular chemical material. Dye molecules are fixed to the fiber by absorption, diffusion, or bonding with temperature and time being key controlling factors. The bond between dye molecule and fiber may be strong or weak, depending on the dye used. Dyeing and printing are different applications; in printing, color is applied to a localized area with desired patterns. In dyeing, it is applied to the entire textile. The most commonly used processes for imparting color to cotton are piece dyeing and yarn dyeing.

The global textile dyes market was valued at INR 68500.80 billion in 2018 and is projected to reach INR 113000.84 Crores by 2026, growing at a CAGR of 6.3% from 2019 to 2026. Textile dyes are the coloring agents or pigments that are used to give a certain look to textiles. The textiles such as denim, polyester, wool, cotton, acrylics fur, nylon, silk, and many others are colored through the use of dyes. Dyes are textile colorants produced through a mixture of various chemicals to obtain the desired color. Direct, reactive, VAT, basic, acid, and disperse are the types of dyes used for textile. Textile dyes market growth is driven by consumer demand for textiles in various applications. Moreover, the lower cost of manufacturing owing to availability of raw material and labor at cheaper rates also drives textile dyes growth. The rise in environmental pollution caused by toxic substances such as lead, arsenic, and heavy metals in dyes, has negatively impacted the industry. The market growth is hampered due to implementation of various health & environment regulations toward the use of textile dyes and textile dyeing processes consume huge amount of water as a solvent leading to water wastage, which further acts as a restraint owing to scarcity of water. The development of new processes that minimize the water wastage is anticipated to create a significant opportunity for the market growth. Moreover, developments in organic dyes for a healthy environment also offers lucrative opportunity to the textile dyes industry.