Project report for red gram cultivation

Feasibility and Potential of Red Gram Cultivation of Red Gram Cultivation Business

• Agro-Climatic Requirements: You can grow red gram in sandy or clay soils that let water drain easily, so roots get air. It needs 600-1000 mm of rain, mostly in the rainy season. It grows best when it’s 20°C to 35°C, so June to October works great in India. Places like Maharashtra and Karnataka have the right weather for it.
• Land Preparation & Sowing Techniques: You can plow the land two times for ₹1,000 per acre to make soil soft. Plant seeds 30-45 cm apart between rows and 10-15 cm in rows so they grow strong. Mix it with cotton or sorghum to earn more and use less space. Put a seed medicine like Trichoderma (₹50 per kg) on them to keep rot away.
• Input Requirements & Cost Estimation: You can get 4-5 kg of seeds per acre for ₹100 per kg, costing ₹400-₹500. Fertilizers like DAP (₹1,200) and urea (₹300) add up to ₹1,500 per acre. Water it 2-3 times at ₹500 each, making ₹1,000-₹1,500. Hire four workers at ₹200 a day for sowing and picking, costing ₹2,000. Everything together costs ₹5,000-₹6,000 per acre.
• Current Market Trends & Demand: India uses 4.5 million tonnes of red gram every year for dal, so people want it a lot. Exports bring in ₹500 crore, with countries like the USA and UAE buying it. Prices change from ₹7,000 to ₹10,000 per quintal in 2024, going up most mid-year. The ₹60,000 crore pulses market keeps growing.
• Government Schemes/Subsidies: NABARD gives loans with low interest for tools. PM-KISAN pays ₹6,000 a year per farmer for seeds and stuff. MSP fixes the price at ₹7,550 per quintal in 2024, so you sell easily. The National Food Security Mission-Pulses hands out seeds and lessons, saving you 10-20% on costs.

Profitability and Benefits of Red Gram Cultivation

• Yield Estimates & ROI: You can harvest 4-6 quintals of red gram per acre with basic care, or 6-8 quintals with better seeds and water. At ₹8,000 per quintal in 2024, 6 quintals bring ₹48,000. Costs like seeds, labor, and fertilizers total ₹6,000 per acre, so your profit hits ₹42,000. You break even after selling 1 quintal, and the gross margin sits at 87%, meaning you keep most of what you earn. This gives a 700% return on investment in 6-8 months.
• Sustainability and Soil Health: Red gram fixes nitrogen in the soil, adding 20-40 kg per acre naturally. This cuts fertilizer needs by 15-20% for the next crop. You can intercrop it with sorghum or cotton, boosting income by 25% while keeping soil strong. These perks make farming easier and cheaper over time.
• Risk Assessment: Pests like pod borers damage 10-20% of crops, but you can spray safe chemicals (₹500 per acre) to stop them. Prices drop to ₹7,000 per quintal during harvest, so you store seeds and sell later. Dry weather hurts yields, but irrigation or drought-hardy seeds reduce losses by 30%. Planning beats these risks.
• Case Studies or Regional Success Stories: In Maharashtra, farmers near Pune earn ₹50,000 per acre yearly by intercropping red gram with soybean. Karnataka’s Tumkur district sees 7 quintals per acre with new seeds, fetching ₹56,000. Telangana’s small farmers bank ₹40,000 per acre, thanks to government seed help.
• Scalability for Commercial Farming: You can use tractors (₹5 lakh) for 10+ acres, cutting labor costs by 40%. Store seeds in sheds (₹2 lakh) to sell when prices rise. Set up a dal mill (₹10 lakh) to process 1 tonne daily, earning 20% extra by selling split dal at ₹120 per kg. This scales profits big.

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